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530 lines
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<title>Kapitel G05: Schleifen & Wiederholungen</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/style.css">
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<body>
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<div class="app-layout">
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<aside class="app-sidebar">
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<div class="sidebar-header">
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<a href="../../index.html" class="sidebar-brand-link">
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<div class="sidebar-logo">🐍</div>
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<div class="sidebar-title">Python Portal</div>
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<div class="sidebar-subtitle">Lernplattform</div>
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<a href="../../index.html" class="sidebar-link">🏠 Startseite</a>
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<a href="../../index.html#tutorial" class="sidebar-link">📖 Tutorial & Workflow</a>
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<div class="sidebar-group-title">
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<span>🌱 1. Grundlagen</span>
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<span style="background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1); padding: 2px 6px; border-radius: 99px; font-size: 0.7rem;">G01–G10</span>
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</div>
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<div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 2px;">
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_1_grundlagen/01_erste_schritte_taschenrechner/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">🧮</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">G01. Taschenrechner</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_1_grundlagen/02_variablen_und_datentypen/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">📦</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">G02. Variablen & Typen</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_1_grundlagen/03_ein_und_ausgabe/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">💬</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">G03. Ein- & Ausgabe</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_1_grundlagen/04_verzweigungen_und_bedingungen/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">🚦</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">G04. Bedingungen (if)</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_1_grundlagen/05_schleifen_und_wiederholungen/index.html" class="sidebar-link active">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">🎡</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">G05. Schleifen (for/while)</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_1_grundlagen/06_funktionen_und_module/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">🪄</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">G06. Funktionen & Module</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_1_grundlagen/07_listen_und_sequenzen/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">📋</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">G07. Listen & Sequenzen</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_1_grundlagen/08_textverarbeitung_und_strings/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">🔤</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">G08. String-Methoden</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_1_grundlagen/09_dictionaries_und_sets/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">🗃️</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">G09. Dicts & Sets</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_1_grundlagen/10_comprehensions_datum_algorithmen/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">🚀</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">G10. Comprehensions</span>
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</a>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="sidebar-group">
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<div class="sidebar-group-title">
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<span>🏗️ 2. OOP Einstieg</span>
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<span style="background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1); padding: 2px 6px; border-radius: 99px; font-size: 0.7rem;">00–06</span>
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</div>
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<div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 2px;">
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_2_oop_einstieg/00_fehlersuche_und_grundlagen/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">🔍</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">00. Fehlersuche & Debug</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_2_oop_einstieg/01_einstieg_klassen/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">🏗️</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">01. Einstieg in Klassen</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_2_oop_einstieg/02_init_und_self/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">⚙️</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">02. Konstruktor & self</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_2_oop_einstieg/03_methoden_und_verhalten/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">🏎️</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">03. Methoden & Verhalten</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_2_oop_einstieg/04_str_und_darstellung/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">🧾</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">04. __str__ Darstellung</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_2_oop_einstieg/04b_umstieg_vscode/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">💻</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">04b. VS Code Setup</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_2_oop_einstieg/04c_git_und_versionskontrolle/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">🌿</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">04c. Git-Versionskontrolle</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_2_oop_einstieg/05_objekte_kombinieren/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">🎵</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">05. Objekte kombinieren</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_2_oop_einstieg/06_abschlussprojekt_tamagotchi/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">🥚</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">06. Projekt: Tamagotchi</span>
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</a>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="sidebar-group">
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<div class="sidebar-group-title">
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<span>🚀 3. Fortgeschritten</span>
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<span style="background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1); padding: 2px 6px; border-radius: 99px; font-size: 0.7rem;">07–16</span>
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</div>
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<div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 2px;">
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_3_fortgeschrittenes_oop/07_referenzen_und_speicher/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">🧠</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">07. Referenzen & Speicher</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_3_fortgeschrittenes_oop/08_operator_overloading_dunder/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">➕</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">08. Operator Overloading</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_3_fortgeschrittenes_oop/09_eigene_unit_tests_schreiben/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">🧪</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">09. Unit Tests & TDD</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_3_fortgeschrittenes_oop/10_vererbung_und_super/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">🧬</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">10. Vererbung & super()</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_3_fortgeschrittenes_oop/11_polymorphie_und_interfaces/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">🎭</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">11. Polymorphie</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_3_fortgeschrittenes_oop/12_exceptions_und_fehlerbehandlung/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">🛡️</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">12. Exceptions & Fehler</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_3_fortgeschrittenes_oop/13_persistenz_json_und_csv/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">💾</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">13. Persistenz (JSON/CSV)</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_3_fortgeschrittenes_oop/14_gui_mit_tkinter/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">🖥️</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">14. Desktop-GUIs (Tkinter)</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_3_fortgeschrittenes_oop/15_parameter_und_container/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">🎒</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">15. Container & *args</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../lehrpfad_3_fortgeschrittenes_oop/16_master_abschlussprojekt/index.html" class="sidebar-link">
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<span class="sidebar-link-icon">🏆</span>
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<span class="sidebar-link-text">16. Master-Abschlussprojekt</span>
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</a>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="sidebar-footer">
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<div style="display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between;">
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<div style="font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 700; color: white;" id="sidebar-level-text">⭐ Level 1</div>
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<div style="font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 700; color: #38bdf8;" id="sidebar-xp-text">0 XP</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</aside>
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<div class="app-main">
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<header>
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<div class="header-container">
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<nav class="nav-links">
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<a href="../../index.html">🏠 Zur Kursübersicht</a>
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<span>›</span>
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<a href="../04_verzweigungen_und_bedingungen/index.html">← Kapitel G04</a>
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<span>›</span>
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<span style="color: white; font-weight: 600;">Kapitel G05</span>
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<span>›</span>
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<a href="../06_funktionen_und_module/index.html">Kapitel G06 →</a>
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</nav>
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<div class="header-badge">Grundlagen G05 • Schulabgleich 09.1 & 09.2</div>
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<h1>Schleifen & Wiederholungen 🎡🔄</h1>
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<p>Lerne Zählschleifen (for), Bedingungsschleifen (while), Schleifen-Akkumulatoren und die Steuerbefehle break & continue kennen.</p>
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||
</div>
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</header>
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<main class="container">
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<!-- 📂 Schnellzugriff & Download aller Dateien dieser Einheit -->
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<div style="background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid var(--border-color); border-radius: var(--radius-md); padding: 14px 20px; margin-bottom: 25px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px; box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);">
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<div style="font-weight: 700; color: var(--text-main); display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;">
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||
<span>📂 Dateien dieser Einheit:</span>
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||
</div>
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||
<div style="display: flex; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap;">
|
||
<a href="../../workspace.html?course=python&track=lehrpfad_1_grundlagen&chapter=05_schleifen_und_wiederholungen" class="btn" style="background: #10b981; color: #fff; font-weight: 700;">💻 In Web-IDE öffnen →</a>
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<a href="aufgabe.py" class="btn" style="padding: 6px 14px; font-size: 0.88rem; background: var(--primary);" download>📄 aufgabe.py (Startercode)</a>
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<a href="test_aufgabe.py" class="btn btn-secondary" style="padding: 6px 14px; font-size: 0.88rem;" download>🧪 test_aufgabe.py (Tests)</a>
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<a href="musterloesung.py" class="btn btn-secondary" style="padding: 6px 14px; font-size: 0.88rem;" download>💡 musterloesung.py (Lösung)</a>
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||
<a href="README.md" class="btn btn-secondary" style="padding: 6px 14px; font-size: 0.88rem;">📖 README.md</a>
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||
</div>
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||
</div>
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||
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<!-- 1. Analogie & Grundkonzept -->
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<section class="card">
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<h2>1. Die Grundidee: Warum brauchen wir Schleifen?</h2>
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<p>
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Computer sind unschlagbar schnell darin, monotone Aufgaben millionenfach zu wiederholen. Anstatt 100-mal denselben Befehl untereinander zu schreiben, sagen wir Python einfach: <em>"Wiederhole diesen Code-Block X-mal!"</em>
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</p>
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<div class="box box-analogie">
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<div class="box-title">🎡 Die Karussell- & Riesenrad-Analogie:</div>
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<p>Es gibt in Python zwei Hauptarten von Schleifen:</p>
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<ul style="margin-left: 20px; margin-top: 8px;">
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<li><strong>Zählschleife (<code>for</code>):</strong> Wie ein <strong>Karussell mit Wertmarken</strong>. Du kaufst 5 Runden. Der Automat zählt: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 – und stoppt genau nach 5 Runden.</li>
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<li><strong>Bedingungsschleife (<code>while</code>):</strong> Wie ein <strong>Riesenrad, das sich dreht, SOLANGE die Musik spielt</strong>. Sobald die Musik stoppt (Bedingung wird <code>False</code>), hält das Rad an.</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</section>
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<!-- 2. Zählschleifen & range() -->
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<section class="card">
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<h2>2. Zählschleifen: <code>for</code> und <code>range()</code></h2>
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<p>
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Verwende <code>for</code>, wenn du im Voraus weißt, <strong>wie oft</strong> etwas wiederholt werden soll. Die Funktion <code>range()</code> erzeugt dafür die Zahlenfolge.
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</p>
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<div class="box box-warning">
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<div class="box-title">⚠️ Die goldene range()-Regel: Der Stop-Wert ist immer EXKLUSIV!</div>
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<code>range(1, 5)</code> läuft von <strong>1 bis 4</strong> (die Zahl 5 ist <strong>nicht</strong> dabei)!<br>
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Wenn du bis 5 zählen willst, musst du <code>range(1, 6)</code> schreiben.
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</div>
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<h3>Die 3 Varianten von <code>range()</code> im Überblick:</h3>
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<div style="overflow-x: auto; margin: 15px 0;">
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<table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background: white; border-radius: var(--radius-sm); overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid var(--border-color);">
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<thead>
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||
<tr style="background: var(--primary-light); color: var(--primary); text-align: left;">
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<th style="padding: 10px 14px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border-color);">Aufruf</th>
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||
<th style="padding: 10px 14px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border-color);">Bedeutung</th>
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<th style="padding: 10px 14px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border-color);">Erzeugte Zahlen</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td style="padding: 10px 14px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);"><code>range(5)</code></td>
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<td style="padding: 10px 14px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);">Start bei 0 bis Stop-1</td>
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<td style="padding: 10px 14px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color); font-weight: bold; color: var(--primary);">0, 1, 2, 3, 4</td>
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</tr>
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<tr style="background: #f8fafc;">
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<td style="padding: 10px 14px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);"><code>range(1, 6)</code></td>
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<td style="padding: 10px 14px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);">Start bei 1 bis 6-1</td>
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<td style="padding: 10px 14px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color); font-weight: bold; color: var(--primary);">1, 2, 3, 4, 5</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="padding: 10px 14px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);"><code>range(0, 10, 2)</code></td>
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<td style="padding: 10px 14px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);">Start bei 0, 2er-Schritte</td>
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<td style="padding: 10px 14px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color); font-weight: bold; color: var(--primary);">0, 2, 4, 6, 8</td>
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</tr>
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<tr style="background: #f8fafc;">
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<td style="padding: 10px 14px;"><code>range(5, 0, -1)</code></td>
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<td style="padding: 10px 14px;">Rückwärts (Countdown!)</td>
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<td style="padding: 10px 14px; font-weight: bold; color: var(--primary);">5, 4, 3, 2, 1</td>
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</tr>
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||
</tbody>
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||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="code-container">
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<div class="code-header">
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||
<div class="code-dots">
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<span class="code-dot dot-red"></span>
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<span class="code-dot dot-yellow"></span>
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<span class="code-dot dot-green"></span>
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</div>
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<span>Python (for-Schleife mit range)</span>
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</div>
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<pre><span class="cm"># Countdown von 5 bis 1</span>
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<span class="kw">for</span> <span class="var">sekunde</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="fn">range</span>(<span class="num">5</span>, <span class="num">0</span>, <span class="num">-1</span>):
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<span class="fn">print</span>(<span class="str">f"Raketenstart in {sekunde}..."</span>)
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<span class="fn">print</span>(<span class="str">"🚀 Liftoff!"</span>)</pre>
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</div>
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</section>
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<!-- 3. Bedingungsschleifen & Endlosschleifen -->
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<section class="card">
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<h2>3. Bedingungsschleifen: <code>while</code></h2>
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<p>
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Verwende <code>while</code>, wenn du nicht weißt, wie viele Durchläufe nötig sind, sondern die Schleife laufen soll, <strong>solange eine Bedingung wahr (<code>True</code>) ist</strong>.
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</p>
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<div class="code-container">
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<div class="code-header">
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<div class="code-dots"><span class="code-dot dot-red"></span><span class="code-dot dot-yellow"></span><span class="code-dot dot-green"></span></div>
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<span>Python (while-Schleife)</span>
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</div>
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<pre><span class="var">energie</span> = <span class="num">3</span>
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<span class="kw">while</span> <span class="var">energie</span> > <span class="num">0</span>:
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<span class="fn">print</span>(<span class="str">f"Roboter läuft... Energie: {energie}"</span>)
|
||
<span class="var">energie</span> -= <span class="num">1</span> <span class="cm"># ⚠️ Zähler anpassen, sonst Endlosschleife!</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="fn">print</span>(<span class="str">"Akku leer! Bitte aufladen."</span>)</pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="box box-danger">
|
||
<div class="box-title">🛑 Achtung vor der Endlosschleife (Infinite Loop)!</div>
|
||
<p>Wenn die Bedingung niemals <code>False</code> wird, stürzt dein Programm zwar nicht ab, aber es friert für immer ein! Verändere immer die Prüfvariable im Schleifenkörper.</p>
|
||
<p style="margin-top: 8px;"><strong>Notausstieg im Terminal:</strong> Drücke <kbd>Strg</kbd> + <kbd>C</kbd>, um eine Endlosschleife sofort abzubrechen!</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<!-- 4. Schleifen steuern: break & continue -->
|
||
<section class="card">
|
||
<h2>4. Schleifen-Steuerung: <code>break</code> & <code>continue</code></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p>Mit zwei speziellen Schlüsselwörtern hast du volle Kontrolle über den Schleifenablauf:</p>
|
||
|
||
<div class="extension-grid">
|
||
<div class="extension-card">
|
||
<div class="extension-icon" style="background: var(--danger-light); color: var(--danger);">🛑</div>
|
||
<div class="extension-info">
|
||
<h4><code>break</code> (Notbremse)</h4>
|
||
<p>Beendet die Schleife <strong>sofort und vollständig</strong>. Die Programmausführung springt direkt hinter die Schleife.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="extension-card">
|
||
<div class="extension-icon" style="background: var(--warning-light); color: var(--warning);">⏭️</div>
|
||
<div class="extension-info">
|
||
<h4><code>continue</code> (Nächste Runde)</h4>
|
||
<p>Bricht nur die <strong>aktuelle Runde</strong> ab und springt sofort zum nächsten Schleifendurchlauf.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="code-container">
|
||
<div class="code-header">
|
||
<div class="code-dots"><span class="code-dot dot-red"></span><span class="code-dot dot-yellow"></span><span class="code-dot dot-green"></span></div>
|
||
<span>Python (break und continue im Einsatz)</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<pre><span class="cm"># Beispiel: Nur ungerade Zahlen drucken, bei 7 abbrechen</span>
|
||
<span class="kw">for</span> <span class="var">zahl</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="fn">range</span>(<span class="num">1</span>, <span class="num">11</span>):
|
||
<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="var">zahl</span> % <span class="num">2</span> == <span class="num">0</span>:
|
||
<span class="kw">continue</span> <span class="cm"># Überspringe gerade Zahlen</span>
|
||
<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="var">zahl</span> == <span class="num">7</span>:
|
||
<span class="fn">print</span>(<span class="str">"Glückszahl 7 gefunden -> Abbruch!"</span>)
|
||
<span class="kw">break</span> <span class="cm"># Schleife komplett beenden</span>
|
||
<span class="fn">print</span>(<span class="str">"Ungerade Zahl:"</span>, <span class="var">zahl</span>)
|
||
|
||
<span class="cm"># Ausgabe: 1, 3, 5, danach Abbruch!</span></pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<!-- 5. Schleifen-Akkumulator Muster -->
|
||
<section class="card">
|
||
<h2>5. Das Akkumulator-Muster 🧺</h2>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Ein <strong>Akkumulator</strong> (Sammelbehälter) ist eines der wichtigsten Entwurfsmuster der Informatik. Er sammelt während der Schleife Werte an:
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<div class="code-container">
|
||
<div class="code-header">
|
||
<div class="code-dots"><span class="code-dot dot-red"></span><span class="code-dot dot-yellow"></span><span class="code-dot dot-green"></span></div>
|
||
<span>Python (Die 3 klassischen Akkumulatoren)</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<pre><span class="cm"># 1. Summen-Akkumulator (Startwert: 0)</span>
|
||
<span class="var">summe</span> = <span class="num">0</span>
|
||
<span class="kw">for</span> <span class="var">x</span> <span class="kw">in</span> [<span class="num">10</span>, <span class="num">20</span>, <span class="num">30</span>]:
|
||
<span class="var">summe</span> += <span class="var">x</span> <span class="cm"># summe = summe + x</span>
|
||
<span class="fn">print</span>(<span class="str">"Gesamtsumme:"</span>, <span class="var">summe</span>) <span class="cm"># 60</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="cm"># 2. Zähler-Akkumulator (Startwert: 0)</span>
|
||
<span class="var">anzahl</span> = <span class="num">0</span>
|
||
<span class="kw">for</span> <span class="var">x</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="fn">range</span>(<span class="num">1</span>, <span class="num">11</span>):
|
||
<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="var">x</span> % <span class="num">2</span> == <span class="num">0</span>:
|
||
<span class="var">anzahl</span> += <span class="num">1</span>
|
||
<span class="fn">print</span>(<span class="str">"Anzahl gerade Zahlen:"</span>, <span class="var">anzahl</span>) <span class="cm"># 5</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="cm"># 3. Produkt-Akkumulator (Startwert: 1, NIEMALS 0!)</span>
|
||
<span class="var">produkt</span> = <span class="num">1</span>
|
||
<span class="kw">for</span> <span class="var">x</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="fn">range</span>(<span class="num">1</span>, <span class="num">5</span>):
|
||
<span class="var">produkt</span> *= <span class="var">x</span> <span class="cm"># 1 * 2 * 3 * 4</span>
|
||
<span class="fn">print</span>(<span class="str">"Produkt (4!):"</span>, <span class="var">produkt</span>) <span class="cm"># 24</span></pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="box box-tipp">
|
||
<div class="box-title">💡 Goldene Akkumulator-Regel:</div>
|
||
Definiere die Akkumulator-Variable (<code>summe = 0</code> oder <code>produkt = 1</code>) <strong>immer VOR</strong> der Schleife! Wenn du sie in der Schleife definierst, wird der Wert bei jedem Durchlauf wieder auf 0 bzw. 1 zurückgesetzt.
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<!-- 6. Aufgaben & Checkliste -->
|
||
<section class="card">
|
||
<h2>6. 🎯 Deine Aufgaben in <code><a href="aufgabe.py" style="color: inherit; text-decoration: underline;">aufgabe.py</a></code></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p>Öffne die Datei <code><a href="aufgabe.py" style="color: inherit; text-decoration: underline;">aufgabe.py</a></code> und bearbeite die folgenden 5 Funktionen:</p>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="task-list">
|
||
<li class="task-item">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" class="task-checkbox" id="t1">
|
||
<label for="t1" class="task-label">
|
||
<strong>TODO 1: <code>summe_bis(n: int) -> int</code></strong><br>
|
||
Berechnet $1 + 2 + \dots + n$ mit einer <code>for</code>-Schleife und <code>range(1, n + 1)</code>. Gibt 0 zurück, falls $n \le 0$.
|
||
</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="task-item">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" class="task-checkbox" id="t2">
|
||
<label for="t2" class="task-label">
|
||
<strong>TODO 2: <code>fakultaet(n: int) -> int</code></strong><br>
|
||
Berechnet $n! = 1 \cdot 2 \dots n$. Für $n = 0$ ist das Ergebnis 1. Bei $n < 0$ wird ein <code>ValueError</code> ausgelöst.
|
||
</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="task-item">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" class="task-checkbox" id="t3">
|
||
<label for="t3" class="task-label">
|
||
<strong>TODO 3: <code>zaehle_gerade_zahlen(start: int, ende: int) -> int</code></strong><br>
|
||
Zählt alle geraden Zahlen im Bereich von <code>start</code> bis <code>ende</code> (inklusive). Gibt 0 zurück, wenn <code>start > ende</code>.
|
||
</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="task-item">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" class="task-checkbox" id="t4">
|
||
<label for="t4" class="task-label">
|
||
<strong>TODO 4: <code>ist_primzahl(n: int) -> bool</code></strong><br>
|
||
Prüft, ob <code>n</code> eine Primzahl ist. Gibt <code>False</code> zurück für $n \le 1$, <code>True</code> für 2, und bricht mit <code>return False</code> ab, sobald ein Teiler gefunden wird.
|
||
</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="task-item">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" class="task-checkbox" id="t5">
|
||
<label for="t5" class="task-label">
|
||
<strong>TODO 5: <code>quorsumme(n: int) -> int</code></strong><br>
|
||
Berechnet die Quersumme einer Zahl mit einer <code>while</code>-Schleife durch wiederholtes <code>rest % 10</code> und <code>rest //= 10</code>.
|
||
</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<h3>💡 Lösungshinweise (Aufklappen bei Bedarf)</h3>
|
||
|
||
<details>
|
||
<summary>🔍 Tipp zu TODO 1 & 2 (Summe & Fakultät)</summary>
|
||
<div class="details-content">
|
||
<div class="code-container">
|
||
<pre><span class="kw">def</span> <span class="fn">summe_bis</span>(<span class="var">n</span>: <span class="fn">int</span>) -> <span class="fn">int</span>:
|
||
<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="var">n</span> <= <span class="num">0</span>:
|
||
<span class="kw">return</span> <span class="num">0</span>
|
||
<span class="var">summe</span> = <span class="num">0</span>
|
||
<span class="kw">for</span> <span class="var">i</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="fn">range</span>(<span class="num">1</span>, <span class="var">n</span> + <span class="num">1</span>):
|
||
<span class="var">summe</span> += <span class="var">i</span>
|
||
<span class="kw">return</span> <span class="var">summe</span></pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</details>
|
||
|
||
<details>
|
||
<summary>🔍 Tipp zu TODO 4 (Primzahl-Test mit Schleife)</summary>
|
||
<div class="details-content">
|
||
<div class="code-container">
|
||
<pre><span class="kw">def</span> <span class="fn">ist_primzahl</span>(<span class="var">n</span>: <span class="fn">int</span>) -> <span class="fn">bool</span>:
|
||
<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="var">n</span> <= <span class="num">1</span>:
|
||
<span class="kw">return</span> <span class="kw">False</span>
|
||
<span class="kw">for</span> <span class="var">i</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="fn">range</span>(<span class="num">2</span>, <span class="var">n</span>):
|
||
<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="var">n</span> % <span class="var">i</span> == <span class="num">0</span>:
|
||
<span class="kw">return</span> <span class="kw">False</span> <span class="cm"># Teiler gefunden -> keine Primzahl!</span>
|
||
<span class="kw">return</span> <span class="kw">True</span> <span class="cm"># Kein Teiler gefunden -> Primzahl!</span></pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</details>
|
||
|
||
<details>
|
||
<summary>🔍 Tipp zu TODO 5 (Quersumme mit while-Schleife)</summary>
|
||
<div class="details-content">
|
||
<div class="code-container">
|
||
<pre><span class="kw">def</span> <span class="fn">quorsumme</span>(<span class="var">n</span>: <span class="fn">int</span>) -> <span class="fn">int</span>:
|
||
<span class="var">rest</span> = <span class="fn">abs</span>(<span class="var">n</span>)
|
||
<span class="var">summe</span> = <span class="num">0</span>
|
||
<span class="kw">while</span> <span class="var">rest</span> > <span class="num">0</span>:
|
||
<span class="var">summe</span> += <span class="var">rest</span> % <span class="num">10</span> <span class="cm"># Letzte Ziffer addieren</span>
|
||
<span class="var">rest</span> = <span class="var">rest</span> // <span class="num">10</span> <span class="cm"># Letzte Ziffer abschneiden</span>
|
||
<span class="kw">return</span> <span class="var">summe</span></pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</details>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<!-- 7. Testen & Navigation -->
|
||
<section class="card">
|
||
<h2>7. 🧪 Testen & Weitergehen</h2>
|
||
<p>Führe im Terminal den Unittest aus:</p>
|
||
<div class="code-container">
|
||
<div class="code-header"><span>Terminal</span></div>
|
||
<pre><code>python3 test_aufgabe.py</code></pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
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|
||
<a href="../04_verzweigungen_und_bedingungen/index.html" class="btn btn-secondary">← Zurück zu Kapitel G04</a>
|
||
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