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151 lines
8.4 KiB
HTML
151 lines
8.4 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="de">
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<head>
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<link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../../../assets/favicon.svg">
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<title>Rust 13: Fearless Concurrency & MPSC Channels</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/style.css">
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="app-layout">
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<div class="app-main">
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<header>
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<div class="header-container">
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<div class="header-badge">💎 Lehrpfad 4: Fearless Concurrency & Systems Master</div>
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<h1>Rust 13: Threads & MPSC Channels</h1>
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<p>Entdecke Rusts berühmte <strong>Fearless Concurrency</strong>: Starte native OS-Threads mit <code>std::thread::spawn</code>, kommuniziere sicher über Multi-Producer Single-Consumer (MPSC) Channels und nutze die Marker-Traits <code>Send</code> & <code>Sync</code>.</p>
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</div>
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</header>
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<main class="container">
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<!-- 📂 Schnellzugriff & Download -->
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<div style="background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid var(--border-color); border-radius: var(--radius-md); padding: 14px 20px; margin-bottom: 25px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px; box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);">
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<div style="font-weight: 700; color: var(--text-main); display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;">
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<span>📂 Dateien dieser Lerneinheit:</span>
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</div>
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<div style="display: flex; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap;">
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<a href="aufgabe.rs" class="btn" style="padding: 6px 14px; font-size: 0.88rem; background: var(--primary);" download>📄 aufgabe.rs (Startercode)</a>
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<a href="test_aufgabe.rs" class="btn btn-secondary" style="padding: 6px 14px; font-size: 0.88rem;" download>🧪 test_aufgabe.rs (Tests)</a>
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<a href="musterloesung.rs" class="btn btn-secondary" style="padding: 6px 14px; font-size: 0.88rem;" download>💡 musterloesung.rs (Lösung)</a>
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<a href="README.md" class="btn btn-secondary" style="padding: 6px 14px; font-size: 0.88rem;">📖 README.md</a>
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</div>
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</div>
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<!-- 1. THEORIE: THREAD SPAWNING & JOIN -->
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<section class="card">
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<h2>⚡ 1. Native Threads & Join Handles</h2>
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<p>
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In Rust erzeugt <code>std::thread::spawn</code> echte Betriebssystem-Threads. Durch das Ownership-System garantiert der Rust-Compiler zur <strong>Compile-Zeit</strong>, dass keine Data Races (gleichzeitige ungeschützte Schreibzugriffe) auftreten können!
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</p>
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<!-- Concurrency-Diagramm -->
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<div style="background: var(--bg-subtle); padding: 18px; border-radius: var(--radius-sm); font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 16px 0; border: 1px solid var(--border-color);">
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[Main Thread] ──┬─── thread::spawn(move || work(1)) ───> [Worker 1] ──┐<br>
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├─── thread::spawn(move || work(2)) ───> [Worker 2] ──┼──> handle.join() (Sammeln & Weiter)<br>
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└─── thread::spawn(move || work(3)) ───> [Worker 3] ──┘
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</div>
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<pre><code>use std::thread;
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let v = vec![1, 2, 3];
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// 'move' überträgt den Besitz von 'v' sicher in den neuen Thread
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let handle = thread::spawn(move || {
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println!("Vector im Thread: {:?}", v);
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v.iter().sum::<i32>()
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});
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let total = handle.join().expect("Thread panickte!");
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println!("Ergebnis: {}", total);</code></pre>
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</section>
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<!-- 2. THEORIE: MPSC CHANNELS -->
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<section class="card">
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<h2>🛡️ 2. MPSC Channels (Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer)</h2>
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<p>
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Das Go- & Erlang-Motto gilt auch in Rust: <em>"Do not communicate by sharing memory; instead, share memory by communicating."</em>
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</p>
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<!-- MPSC Diagramm -->
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<div style="background: var(--bg-subtle); padding: 18px; border-radius: var(--radius-sm); font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 16px 0; border: 1px solid var(--border-color);">
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[Worker 1 (tx1)] ──┐<br>
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[Worker 2 (tx2)] ──┼───> [ MPSC Channel Queue ] ───> [Main Receiver (rx.recv())]<br>
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[Worker 3 (tx3)] ──┘
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</div>
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<pre><code>use std::sync::mpsc;
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use std::thread;
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let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
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for i in 0..3 {
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let tx_clone = tx.clone();
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thread::spawn(move || {
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tx_clone.send(format!("Ergebnis von Worker {}", i)).unwrap();
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});
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}
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drop(tx); // WICHTIG: Original-Sender droppen, damit rx schließt!
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for msg in rx {
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println!("Empfangen: {}", msg);
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}</code></pre>
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</section>
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<!-- 3. CHEAT-SHEET: SEND & SYNC -->
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<section class="card">
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<h2>📑 3. Cheat-Sheet: Die Send & Sync Marker-Traits</h2>
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<div style="overflow-x: auto;">
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<table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.9rem; text-align: left;">
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<thead>
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<tr style="border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border-color); background: var(--bg-subtle);">
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<th style="padding: 10px;">Marker-Trait</th>
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<th style="padding: 10px;">Bedeutung</th>
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<th style="padding: 10px;">Beispiele (Gültig / Ungültig)</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);">
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<td style="padding: 10px;"><strong><code>Send</code></strong></td>
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<td style="padding: 10px;">Ownership darf an einen anderen Thread übertragen werden</td>
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<td style="padding: 10px;">✅ Primitive, <code>Vec<T></code>, <code>Box<T></code> | ❌ <code>Rc<T></code> (nicht Send!)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="padding: 10px;"><strong><code>Sync</code></strong></td>
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<td style="padding: 10px;">Referenz <code>&T</code> darf von mehreren Threads gleichzeitig gelesen werden (T ist Sync gdw. &T Send ist)</td>
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<td style="padding: 10px;">✅ <code>Arc<T></code>, <code>Mutex<T></code> | ❌ <code>RefCell<T></code> (nicht Sync!)</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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</section>
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<!-- 4. AUFGABEN CHECKLISTE -->
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<section class="card">
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<h2>🎯 Aufgaben & Checkliste in <code>aufgabe.rs</code></h2>
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<div class="task-item">
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<input type="checkbox" class="task-checkbox" id="t1">
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<label class="task-label" for="t1"><strong>TODO 1:</strong> Structs <code>Job</code> und <code>JobResult</code> definieren.</label>
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</div>
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<div class="task-item">
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<input type="checkbox" class="task-checkbox" id="t2">
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<label class="task-label" for="t2"><strong>TODO 2:</strong> <code>parallel_sum_chunks</code> zur Aufteilung von Berechnungen auf n Threads mit <code>JoinHandle</code> implementieren.</label>
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</div>
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<div class="task-item">
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<input type="checkbox" class="task-checkbox" id="t3">
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<label class="task-label" for="t3"><strong>TODO 3:</strong> <code>run_worker_pipeline</code> mit <code>mpsc::channel()</code>, Worker-Threads, <code>tx.clone()</code> und geordneter Ergebnissammlung umsetzen.</label>
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</div>
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<div style="margin-top: 25px; display: flex; gap: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap;">
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<a href="../../../workspace.html?course=rust&track=track_4_concurrency_master&chapter=13_fearless_concurrency_threads_und_channels" class="btn" style="background: #059669; color: #fff; font-weight: 700;">💻 In Web-IDE öffnen →</a>
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<a href="../12_smart_pointer_und_speichersicherheit/index.html" class="btn btn-secondary">← Zurück zu Rust 12</a>
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<a href="../14_shared_state_concurrency/index.html" class="btn btn-secondary">Weiter zu Rust 14: Shared State →</a>
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</div>
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</section>
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</main>
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